166
19. The names of the principal contributors to the Gardens are as follow:
Anderson, Lieut.-Colonel D. G.; seeds.
Armstrong, J. M.; plants.
Blackhead Smith, Mrs.; seeds.
Boehmer, Louis, Yokohama; plants.
Botanic Gardens, Brisbane, J. Pink, Director; plants.
Jamaica, D. Morris, M.A., Director; seeds.
Calcutta, Dr. G. King, LL.D., Director; plants.
Durban Natal, J. M. Wood, Curator; seeds, plants, &c.
Townsville, A. M. Anderson, Superintendent; plants.
Royal Kew, Sir J. D. Hooker, K.C.S.I., &c., Director; plants and seeds.
Bunting, Isaac, Yokohama; plants.
Cooper, W. M. Ningpo; seeds and plants.
Coxon, Mrs. A.; plants and seeds.
Curtis, C. Penang, Forest Department; plants and seeds.
20. The following are the chief recipients:
Acclimatization Society Queensland; seeds.
Adams & Son, Messrs. New Zealand; seeds.
Bell Irving, Mrs.; plants.
Blackhead Smith, Mrs.; plants.
Botanic Gardens, Adelaide; seeds.
Brisbane; seeds and plants.
Calcutta; seeds and plants.
Ceylon; seeds.
Jamaica; seeds.
Melbourne; seeds.
Natal; seeds and plants.
Singapore; seeds and plants.
Townsville; seeds.
Sydney; seeds.
Trinidad; seeds.
Royal Kew; seeds, plants and herbarium specimens.
Cameron, Mrs.; plants.
Crawford, Mrs.; plants.
Crow, W. E.; plants.
Cundall, C. H. Manila; plants.
Curtis, C.; plants and seeds.
21. During the year we received:--
789 Plants.
291 Packets of seeds.
1 Wardian Cases.
4 Animals.
60 Herbarium specimens.
Cundall, C. H., Manila; plants and seeds.
Dehra Dun, Forest School, India; seeds.
Franco, P. M.; seeds.
Hance, Dr. H. F., Canton; seeds.
Hughes, J. I.; one deer.
Indian Forest Department; seeds.
Macgowan, Dr. F. Wenchow; plants.
Nicholl, Mrs. Amoy; seeds.
Pickford, C. R. B., Cebu; plants.
Piercy, Mrs.; plants.
Police Department; one Pheasant.
Queensland Acclimatization Society; seeds.
Romano, A. G.; plants.
Swalemen, Van Der, Ghent Belgium; seeds.
Whitehead, F. H.; one Deer.
Wing Kee; one Owl and two Storks.
Woodin, E. L.; plants and seeds.
Faber, Rev. E.; plants.
Franco, P. M.; plants.
Gordon, Major-General, A.H.A.; plants.
Grossman, C. F.; plants.
Hance, Dr. H. F. Canton; plants and herb. specimens.
Hargreaves, Rev. G. Canton; plants.
Ladies Recreation Club, plants.
Maries, C. C. India; seeds.
Moin, E. M. A. India; seeds.
Piercy, Mrs.; plants.
Police Department; plants.
Romano, A. G.; plants.
Silva, J. M. A.; plants.
The Governor of Macao, seeds.
The Maharaja of Durbungah; seeds.
The Spanish Consul; seeds.
Thomson, Dr. J. C. Canton, plants.
Tripp, H. J. H.; plants.
Vyvyan, C. B.; seeds.
Wing Kee; plants.
Woodin, E. L.; seeds and plants.
22. Irrespective of the plants that were sold during the year we sent out:-
2,202 Plants.
221 Packets of seeds.
14 Wardian Cases.
22 Herbarium specimens.
23. The Library has been increased by the following additions:--
A journey of Exploration through Western Ssu Ch'u.
Botanical Magazine for part of 1885.
Decandolle's Monographiae Phanerogamarum, 4 vols.
Franchet's Plantae Davidianæ, first part.
Gardeners Chronicle for 1885.
Journal of Botany for part of 1885.
Loureiro's Flora Cochinchinensis.
New Commercial Plants and Drugs by Thomas Christy, F.L.S., F.S.C.L. presented by the Author.
Report of the Acclimatization Society Queensland for 1884.
Report on the Arboriculture of the assigned districts, India for 1884.
Report on the Botanic Gardens Adelaide for 1884.
First Annual Report on the Forest Department, Straits Settlements, 1885.
Progress Report of Forest Administration in Ajmere-Merwara for 1883-84-85.
Progress Report of Forest Administration in Assam for 1883-84.
Progress Report of Forest Administration in British Burma for 1883-84.
Progress Report of Forest Administration in British India for 1883-84.
Progress Report of Forest Administration in the Central Provinces for 1884-85.
Progress Report of Forest Administration in Coorg for 1883-84.
Progress Report of Forest Administration in Hyderabad Assigned Districts for 1884-85.
Progress Report of Forest Administration in the Punjab for 1884-85.
Progress Report of Forest Administration in the North-Western Provinces and Oudh for 1883-84.
Report on the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew for 1883.
Horticultural Gardens Lucknow for 1884-85.
Public Gardens and Plantations, Jamaica, for 1884.
Establishment of a Botanic Garden and Arboretum at Montreal.
by Mr. Hosie on a journey through Central Ssu Ch'uan.
of the Royal Society of Tasmania.
on the Experimental Garden, Milam, North Borneo for 1884.
Annual Administration Reports of the Forest Department, Madras Presidency for 1883-84.
Progress Report of the Forest Survey Branch for 1883-84.
Siebold's Flora Japonica, 2 vols.
Succinct Notes on some plants from New Guinea and a description of hitherto unrecorded Papuan Orchids, by Baron von Muller, K.C.M.G. &c.
24. The Garden staff has worked fairly well throughout the year, but a high standard of efficiency is not to be expected. The ordinary Chinese Gardener has no knowledge of the physical laws that govern vegetable life, although they cultivate many of the plants of their native country with wonderful success; but in dealing with foreign plants that require to be carefully studied till the conditions necessary for their acclimatization are understood, they show little interest. They in fact frequently neglect such plants, unless a rule of thumb practice can be laid down for their guidance. It is a hard matter to interest a Chinese Gardener in an experimental attempt to propagate or cultivate a plant which must be subjected to a process different to that which he has been accustomed to practise. This class of men could hardly be expected to understand an explanation of the physical laws that bear upon horticulture as a science; but Mr. Ford has endeavoured for some years back to procure a better class of workmen by training up boys as apprentices, and educating them upon a broader principle than that usually followed in China; but although this system has been fairly satisfactory in one or two cases, it has not been wholly successful. The training which the boys receive sharpens their intelligence and gives them educational advantages that make them aspire to a position more lucrative and, from their point of view, more dignified than that of a "fa-wong." Several promising lads have left in this way just as they were beginning to be useful. This of course is very disappointing, and I am afraid that no other result can be anticipated in future, unless the intelligence of the trained apprentices is remunerated at its market value.
25. Government House.-A number of plants, chiefly Palms and Arvids, were planted out on the bank below the northern side of Government House. The fence which supports the creepers on the top of the bank has been extended for seventy yards farther on the walk, and the plants on the older portion have all been cut back and replaced with a view to more uniformity.
Were the necessary funds available, great improvements could be effected on the ground just within the wall at the eastern bend of Upper Albert Road. The appearance of this part is a constant eye-sore, owing to the rough nature of the ground and the constant litter of bamboo leaves. The bamboo is very effective in isolated clumps, but its predominance in a garden or pleasure-ground is objectionable from an artistic point of view and injurious to the development of the other trees and shrubs that were planted with the intention of contributing to and improving the general effect.
AFFORESTATION
26. The planting of China Pines was commenced on December 3rd, 1884, and completed on the 16th of May, 1885. They were planted in the following localities:-Kowloon, North of Butts; Observatory; Black Mountain; Aberdeen Hills; Mount Kellet; and below Mount Gough Road. The total number planted is 342,302.
27. A number of seedling Pines were raised in sites in the following localities:--Mount Davis, Mount Kellet, the New Military Sanitarium, and Saiwan, 204,837 plants being successfully raised. A large number of sites, probably one fifth of those made on the southern side of Mount Kellet, were unproductive. The soil in this locality is rather variable, and the failures chiefly occur on the steep slopes where the grass is scanty. Where the ground is covered with a fibrous carpet of grass roots, the rain, as it rushes down the slopes, is absorbed in sufficient quantities to saturate the soil and render it suitable for the reception and subsequent development of the young tree; but where the ground has been denuded of its herbage by the irrepressible grass cutter with his blunt sickle, which does not cut but uproots the grass, the young tree is sorely handicapped in the struggle for existence.
28. 150 Catties of Pine seeds were sown broadcast on the hill south of the Little Hongkong estuary. A large number of seedlings have sprung up, but in rather irregular patches. It would be premature however, to pronounce upon the issue of this experiment at present. The result will be more apparent next year.
29. Some Bischoffias and Camphors were planted on Mount Davis. Camphors and Cork Oaks were also planted on the hills above the Powder Magazine. These have all done well.
30. Fourteen species of Eucalyptus were raised in various quantities and planted out in the following localities:-New Military Sanitarium; above Powder Magazine; and at Sokonpo. The total number planted being 16,398. Each species was planted in a clump, and marked with a ticket to enable us to identify the different kinds, and note their relative adaptability to the soil and climate of Hongkong. This comparison has been very interesting, and will be valuable in enabling us to select the most suitable kinds in future. The three species that are conspicuously superior to the others, and which may be considered an unqualified success, are L. robusta, citriodora, and tereticornus. The next in order are:-marginata, platyphylla, corymbosa, resinifera, and haemastoma. These five kinds have not done so well on the exposed hills near the Military Sanitarium as the three first mentioned kinds, but they have succeeded very well at Sokonpò where the position is more sheltered; and I have no doubt that they will succeed in many of the unexposed parts of the island. Other four species, namely: Stuartiana; siderophloia; Microcorys; and maculata have grown moderately well. The percentage of deaths is small, but the growth is slow and weakly. They evidently required a richer soil than the above mentioned sorts. The two species that have been least successful are pilularis, and hemophloia. A large proportion of both kinds have died, and those that have survived have not a promising appearance.
31. The plantations of Cassia Lignen' that were made on the hills north of Aberdeen would probably have been in a thriving condition by this time but for the persistence of the Chinese in breaking...
Page 166 appears three times at top, three times at bottom
May
166
19. The names of the principal contributors to the Gardens are as follow:
Anderson, Licut.-Cólonel D. G.; seeds.
Armstrong, J. M.; plants.
Blackhead Smith, Mrs. ; seeds.
Boehmor, Louis, Yokohama ; plants.
Botanic Gardens, Brisbane, J. Pink, Director; plants.
11
*
Jamaica, D. Morris, M.A., Director; seeds. Calcutta, Dr. G. King, LL.D., Director;
plants.
Durban Natal, J. M. Wood, Curator;
seeds, plants, &c.
Townsville, A. M. Anderson, Superin-
tendent; plants.
Royal Kew, Sir J. D. Honker, K.C.S.I.,
&e., Director; plants and seeds. Bunting, Isane, Yokohama: plants. Cooper, W. M. Ningpo; seals and plants. Coxon, Mrs. A.; plants and seeds.
Curtis, C. Penang, Forest Department; plants and seeds.
20. The following are the chief recipients: Acclimatization Socioty Queensland; seeds. Adams & Son, Messrs. New Zealand; seeds. Bell Irving, Mrs. ; plants.
Blackhead Smith, Mrs; plants. Botanic Gardens, Adelaide; seeds.
ود
21
17
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14
"
Brisbane; seeds and plants. Calcutta ; seeds and plants. Ceylon; seeds.
Jamaica; seeds,
Melbourue; seeds.
Natal; seeds and plants.
Singapore; seeds and plants.
Townsville; seods.
*
Sydney; scods.
"
37
3
Trinidad; seeds.
Royal Eew; seeds, plants and berbarium
specimens.
Cameron, Mrs. ; plants.
Crawford, Mrs. ; plants.
Crow, W. E.; plants.
Cundall, C. H. Manila; plaurs.
Curtis, C.; plants and seeds.
21. During the year we received :--
789 Plants.
291 Packets of seeds.
IC Wardiau Cases.
*----
Cundall, C. II., Manila: plants and seeds. Dehra Dun, Forest School, India; seeds. Franco, P. M.; seeds.
Hauce, Dr. H. F., Canton; seeds. Hughes, J. I.; one deer. Indian Forest Department; seeds. Macgowan, Dr. F. Wenchow: plants, Nicholl, Mrs. Amoy; seeds. Piekford, C. R. B., Cebu; plants. Piercy, Mrs.; plants.
Police Department; oue Pheasant. Queensland Acclimatation Society; sceds. Romano, A. G.; plants.
Swalemen, Van Der, Ghent Belgium; seeds. Whitehead, F. H.; one Deer.
Wing Kee; one Owl and two Storks. Woodin, E. L.; plants and seeds.
Faber, Rev. E.; plants.
Franco, P. M.; plants.
Gordon, Major-General, A.H.A. ; plants.
Grossman, C. F.; plants.
Hance, Dr. H. F. Canton; plants and herb, specimens. Hargreaves, Rev. G. Canton; plants.
Ladies Recreation Club, plants.
Maries, C. C. India; seeds.
Moin, E. M. A. India; sceds.
Piercy, Mrs.; plants.
Police Department; plants. Romano, A. G.; plants. Silva, J. M. A.; plants.
The Governor of Macao, seeds.
The Maharaja of Durbingah; seeds.
The Spanish Consul; seeds.
Thomson, Dr. J. C. Canton, plants. Tripp, H. J. H.; plants. Vyvyan, C. B.; seeds. Wing Kee; plants.
Woodin, E. L.; seeds and plants.
4 Animals.
60 Herbarium specimens.
22. Irrespective of the plants that were sold during the year we sent out:-
2,202 Plants.
221 Packets of seeds.
14 Wardian Casos.
22 Herbarium specimens.
23. The Library has been increased by the following additions :--
A journey of Exploration through Western Ssu Ch'us,
Botanical Magazine for part of 1885.
Decandolle's Monographiae Phanerogarnarum, 4 vols. Franchet's Plantae Davidianæ, first part.
Gardeners Chronicle for 1885.
Journal of Botany for part of 1885.
Loureiro's Flora Cochinchinensis.
New Commercial Plants and Drugs by Thomas Christy,
F.L.S., F.S.C.L. presented by the Author.
Report of the Acclimatization Society Queensland for 1884. Report on the Arboriculture of the assigned districts, India
for 1884.
Report on the Botanic Gardens Adelaide for 1884.
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First Annual Report on the Forest Department, Straits
Settlements, 1885.
Progress Report of Forest Administration in Ajmere-Merwara
22
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33
35
1889-84-85.
71
39
in Assam for 1883-84.
97
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37
17
in British Burina for
1883-84.
29
in British India for
1888-84.
33
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in the Central Pro-
vinces for 1884-85.
23
in Coorag for 1883-84.
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in Hyderabad Assigned
in
Districts for 1884-85. the Punjab for
1884-85. Progress Report of Forest Administration in the North-
Western Provinces and Oudh for 1883-84.
53
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Calentta Ceylon
1884-85.
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1884.
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1883.
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Royal Botanic Gardens Kew for 1883. Horticultural Gardens Lucknow for 1884-85. Public Gardens and Plantations, Jamaica,
for 1884.
Establishment of a Botanic Garden and
Arboretum at Montreal.
by Mr. Hosie ou a journey through Central San Chifun.
of the Royal Society of Tasmania.
on the Experimental Garden, Milam, North Borneo
For 1884.
Annual Administration Reports of the Forest Department,
Madras Presidency for 1883-84.
Progress Report of the Forest Survey Branch for 1883-84. Siebold's Flora Japonica, 2 vols.
Succiuct Notes on some plants from New Guinea and a description of hitherto unrecorded Paupin Orchids, by Baron von Muller, K.C.M.G. &c.
24. The Garden staff has worked fairly well throughout the year, but a high standard of efficiency is not to be expected. The ordinary Chinese Gardener has no knowledge of the physical laws that the actions of vegetable life, although they cultivate many of the plants of their native country with govern wonderful success; but in dealing with foreign plants that require to be carefully studied till the conditions necessary for their acclimatization are understood, they show little interest. They in fact frequently neglect such plants, unless a rule of thumb practice can be laid down for their guidance. It is a hard matter to interest a Chinese Gardener in an experimental attempt to propagate or cultivate a plant which must be subjected to a process different to that which he has been accustomed to practise. This class of men could hardly be expected to understand an explanation of the physical laws that bear upon horticulture as a science; but Mr. FORD has endeavoured for some years back to pro- cure a better class of workmen by training up boys as apprentices, and educating them upon a broader principle than that usually followed in China; but although this system has been fairly satisfactory in one or two cases, it has not been wholly successful. The training which the boys receive sharpens their intelligence and gives them educational advantages that make them aspire to a position more lucrative and, from their point of view, more dignified than that of a "fa-wong.' Several promising lads have left in this way just as they were begining to be useful. This of course is very disappointing, and I am afraid that no other result can be anticipated in future, unless the intelligence of the trained appren- tices is remunerated at its market value.
25. Government House.-A number of plants, chiefly Palms and Arvids, were planted out on the bank below the northern side of Government House. The fence which supports the creepers on the top of the bank has been extended for seventy yards farther on the walk, and the plants on the older portion have all been cut back and replaced with a view to more uniformity.
Were the necessary funds available, great improvements could be effected on the ground just within the wall at the eastern bend of Upper Albert Road. The
appearance of this part is a constant eye-sore, owing to the rough nature of the ground and the constant litter of bamboo leaves. The bamboo is very effective in isolated clumps, but its predominance in a garden or pleasure-grond is objectionable from an artistic point of view and injurious to the developement of the other trees and shrubs that were planted with the intention of contributing to and improving the general effect.
AFFORESTATION.
26. The planting of China Pines was commenced on December 3rd, 1884, and completed on the 16th of May, 1885. They were planted in the following localities:-Kowloon, North of Butts; Obser- vatory; Black Mountain; Aberdeen Hills; Mount Kellet; and below Mount Gough Road. The total number planted is 342,302.
27. A number of seedling Pines were raised in sites in the following localities:--Mount Davis, Mount Kellet, the New Military Sanitarium, and Saiwan, 204,837 plants being successfully raised. A large number of sites, probably one fifth of those made on the southern side of Mount Kellet, were unproductive. The soil in this locality is rather variable, and the failures chiefly occur on the steep slopes where the grass is scanty. Where the ground is covered with a fibrous carpet of grass roots, the rain, as it rushes down the slopes, is absorbed in sufficient quantities to saturate the soil and render it suitable for the reception and subsequent developement of the young tree; but where the ground has been denuded of its herbage by the irrepressible grass cutter with his blunt sickle, which does not cut but uproots the grass, the young tree is sorely handicapped in the struggle for existence.
28. 150 Catties of Pinc seeds were sown broadcast on the hill south of the Little Hongkong estuary. A large number of seedlings have sprung up, but in rather irregular patches. It would be premature however, to pronounce upon the issue of this experiment at present. The result will be more apparent next year.
29. Some Bischoffias and Camphors were planted on Mount Davis. Camphors and Cork Oaks were also planted on the hills above the Powder Magazine. These have all done well.
30. Fourteen species of Eucalyptus were raised in various quantities and planted out in the following localities:-New Military Sanitarium; above l'owder Magazine; and at Sokonpo. The total number planted being 16,398. Each species was planted in a clump, and marked with a ticket to enable us to identify the different kinds, and note their relative adaptability to the soil and climate of Hongkong. This comparison has been very interesting, and will be valuable in enabling us to select the most suitable kinds in future. The three species that are conspicuously superior to the others,
and which may be considered an unqualified success, are L. robusta, citriodora, and tereticornus. The next in order are:-marginata, platyphylla, corymbosa, resinifera, and haemastoma. These five kinds have not done so well on the exposed hills near the Military Sanitarium as the three first mentioned kinds, but they have succeeded very well at Sokonpò where the position is more sheltered; and I have no doubt that they will succeed in many of the unexposed parts of the island. Other four species, namely: Stuartiana; siderophloia; Microcorys; and maculata have grown moderately well. The per- centage of deaths is small, but the growth is slow and weakly. They evidently required a richer soil than the above mentioned sorts. The two species that have been least successful are pilularis, and hemephloia. A large proportion of both kinds have died, and those that have survived have not a pro- mising appearance.
31. The plantations of Cassia Lignen' that were made on the hills north of Aberdeen would probably have been in a thriving condition by this time but for the persistence of the Chinese in breaking
May
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